94TH GENERAL ASSEMBLY
State of Illinois
2005 and 2006
HB2548


 
Introduced 2/18/2005, by Rep. Mary E. Flowers
 
SYNOPSIS AS INTRODUCED:
 		













New Act










    Creates the Nursing Care and Quality Improvement Act.  Provides that each hospital shall implement a staffing plan that (i) provides adequate, appropriate, and quality delivery of health care services, (ii) protects patient safety, and (iii) is consistent with the requirements of the Act.  Sets forth the minimum direct care registered nurse-to-patient ratios required in a unit of a hospital during each shift in that unit. Sets forth development and reevaluation requirements for the staffing plan.  Prohibits a hospital from discharging, discriminating, or retaliating in any manner with respect to any aspect of employment against a nurse based on the nurse's refusal of a work assignment under certain conditions or against a nurse or any individual, who, in good faith, reports a violation of the Act, initiates, cooperates, or otherwise participates in an investigation or proceeding under the Act, or informs or discusses with other individuals or with representatives of hospital employees a violation or suspected violation of the Act.  Sets forth penalties for violation of the Act.
















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FISCAL NOTE ACT MAY APPLY
















 


 


A BILL FOR









 











HB2548

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    AN ACT concerning healthcare.

 
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    Be it enacted by the People of the State of Illinois,
 
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represented in the General Assembly:


 
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    Section 1. Short title. This Act may be cited as the 
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Nursing Care and Quality Improvement Act.
 
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    Section 5. Findings.  The Legislature finds and declares all 
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of the following:
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        (1)   The State of Illinois has a substantial interest in 
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    promoting quality care and improving the delivery of health 
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    care services to patients in health care facilities in the 
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    State.
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        (2)   Recent changes in the health care delivery systems 
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    that have resulted in higher acuity levels among patients 
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    in health care facilities increase the need for improved 
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    quality measures in order to protect patient care and 
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    reduce the incidence of medical errors.
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        (3)   Inadequate and poorly monitored registered nurse 
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    staffing practices that result in too few registered nurses 
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    providing direct care jeopardize the delivery of quality 
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    health care.
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        (4)   Numerous studies have shown that patient outcomes 
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    are directly correlated to direct care registered nurse 
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    staffing levels.
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        (5)   Requirements for direct care registered nurse 
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    staffing ratios will help address the registered nurse 
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    shortage in Illinois by aiding in recruitment of new 
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    registered nurses and improving retention of registered 
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    nurses who are considering leaving direct patient care 
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    because of the demands created by inadequate staffing.
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        (6)   Establishing adequate minimum direct care 
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    registered nurse-to-patient ratios that take into account 
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    patient acuity measures will improve the delivery of 
 


 






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    quality health care services and patient safety.
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        (7)   Establishing safe staffing standards for direct 
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    care registered nurses is a critical component of assuring 
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    that there is adequate hospital staffing at all levels to 
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    improve the delivery of quality care and protect patient 
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    safety.
 
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    Section 10. Definitions. In this Act:
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"Acuity system" means an established measurement tool that 
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does all of the following:
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        (1) predicts nursing care requirements for individual 
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    patients based on the severity of patient illness, the need 
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    for specialized equipment and technology, the intensity of 
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    nursing interventions required, and the complexity of 
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    clinical nursing judgment that is needed to design, 
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    implement, and evaluate the patient's nursing care plan;
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        (2) details the amount of nursing care needed, both in 
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    the number of nurses and in the skill mix of nursing 
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    personnel required, on a daily basis for each patient in a 
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    nursing department or unit;
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        (3) takes into consideration the patient care services 
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    provided not only by registered nurses but also by direct 
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    care licensed practical nurses and other health care 
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    personnel; and
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        (4) is stated in terms that can be readily used and 
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    understood by nurses.
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    "Nurse" and "registered nurse" means any person licensed as 
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a registered nurse or a registered professional nurse under the 
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Nursing and Advanced Practice Nursing Act.
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    "Direct care registered nurse" means an individual who has 
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been granted a license to practice as a registered nurse and 
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who provides bedside care for one or more patients.
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    "Director" means the Director of Public Health.


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    "Department" means the Department of Public Health.


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    "Employment" includes the provision of services under a 
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contract or other arrangement.
 


 






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    "Hospital" means an entity licensed under the Hospital 
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Licensing Act.
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    "Staffing plan" means a staffing plan required under 
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Section 15 of this Act.

 
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    Section 15. Staffing plan required. 
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    (a) Each hospital shall implement a staffing plan that (i) 
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provides adequate, appropriate, and quality delivery of health 
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care services, (ii) protects patient safety, and (iii) is 
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consistent with the requirements of this Act.
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    (b) Subject to Section 20 of this Act, the requirements of 
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subsection (a) shall take effect not later than one year after 
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the effective date of this Act.

 
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    Section 20. Minimum direct care registered 
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nurse-to-patient ratios. 

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    (a) For the purposes of this Section:
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    "Assigned" means the registered nurse has responsibility 
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for the provision of care to a particular patient within his or 
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her scope of practice.
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    "Assist" means that licensed nurses may provide patient 
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care beyond their patient assignments if the tasks performed 
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are specific and time-limited.
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    "Declared state-of-emergency" means a state-of-emergency 
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that has been declared by the federal government or the head of 
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the appropriate State or local governmental agency having 
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authority to declare that the State, county, municipality, or 
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locality is in a state-of-emergency, but does not include 
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consistent understaffing.
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    (b) A hospital's staffing plan shall provide that, during 
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each shift within a unit of the hospital, a direct care 
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registered nurse may be assigned to not more than the following 
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number of patients in that unit:
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        (1)  One patient in operating room units and trauma 
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    emergency units.
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        (2)  2 patients in critical care units, including 
 


 






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    emergency critical care and intensive care units, labor and 
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    delivery units, and post anesthesia units.
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        (3) 3 patients in ante partum units, emergency room 
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    units, pediatrics units, step-down units, and telemetry 
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    units.
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        (4)  4 patients in intermediate care nursery units, 
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    specialty care units, medical or surgical units, and acute 
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    care psychiatric units.
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        (5)  5 patients in rehabilitation units.


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        (6)  6 patients in postpartum (3 couplets) units and 
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    well-baby nursery units.
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    Registered nurse-to-patient ratios represent the maximum 
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number of patients who may be assigned to one registered nurse 
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at any one time. There shall be no averaging of the number of 
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patients and the total number of registered nurses on the unit 
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during any one shift nor over any period of time.  The 
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registered nurse-to-patient ratio must be maintained at all 
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times throughout each shift.  Only nurses providing direct 
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patient care shall be included in the ratios.

            
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    Staffing for care not requiring a registered nurse is not 
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included within these ratios.  Additional staff in excess of 
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these prescribed ratios, including non-licensed staff, shall 
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be assigned in accordance with the hospital's documented 
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patient acuity system for determining nursing care 
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requirements, considering factors that include the severity of 
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the illness, the need for specialized equipment and technology, 
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the complexity of clinical judgment needed to design, 
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implement, and evaluate the patient care plan, the ability for 
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self-care, and the licensure of the personnel required for 
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care.
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    Nurse administrators, nurse supervisors, nurse managers, 
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charge nurses, and other licensed nurses shall be included in 
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the calculation of the licensed nurse-to-patient ratio only 
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when those licensed nurses are engaged in providing direct 
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patient care. When a nurse administrator, nurse supervisor, 
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nurse manager, charge nurse, or other licensed nurse is engaged 
 


 






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in activities other than direct patient care, that nurse shall 
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not be included in the ratio. Nurse administrators, nurse 
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supervisors, nurse managers, and charge nurses who have 
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demonstrated current competence to the hospital in providing 
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care on a particular unit may relieve nurses during breaks, 
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meals, and other routine, expected absences from the unit.
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    (c) Nothing in this Section shall prohibit a nurse from 
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assisting with specific tasks within the scope of his or her 
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practice for a patient assigned to another nurse.
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    (d)  Within one year after the effective date of this Act, 
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the Department shall adopt rules providing specific guidance on 
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the implementation of the minimum direct care registered 
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nurse-to-patient ratios.  The Department shall adopt these 
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rules in accordance with the Department's licensing and 
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certification rules and other professional and vocational 
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rules under Illinois law.
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    (e) The Director may apply the minimum direct care 
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registered nurse-to-patient ratios established in subsection 
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(b) of this Section to a type of hospital unit not referred to 
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in that subsection (b) if that other unit performs a function 
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similar to the function performed by a unit referred to in 
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subsection (b).
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    (f)  If necessary to protect patient safety, the Director 
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may prescribe regulations that (i) increase minimum direct care 
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registered nurse-to-patient ratios under this Section to 
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further limit the number of patients that may be assigned to 
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each direct care nurse or (ii) add minimum direct care 
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registered nurse-to-patient ratios for units not referred to in 
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subsections (b) and (d). These regulations shall be prescribed 
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after consultation with affected hospitals and registered 
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nurses.
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    (g) The requirements established under this Section shall 
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not apply during a declared state-of-emergency, if a hospital 
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is requested or expected to provide an exceptional level of 
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emergency or other medical services.


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    (h) Nursing personnel from temporary nursing agencies 
 


 






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shall not be responsible for a patient care unit without having 
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demonstrated clinical and supervisory competence.
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    (i) The requirements this Section shall take effect as soon 
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as practicable, as determined by the Director, but not later 
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than 2 years after the effective date of this Act.

 
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    Section 25. Development and reevaluation of staffing plan. 

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    (a) In developing a staffing plan, a hospital shall provide 
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for direct care registered nurse-to-patient ratios above the 
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minimum direct care registered nurse-to-patient ratios 
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required under Section 20 of this Act, if appropriate, based 
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upon consideration of all of the following factors:
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        (1)  the number of patients and acuity level of patients 
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    as determined by the application of an acuity system, on a 
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    shift-by-shift basis;
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        (2) the anticipated admissions, discharges, and 
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    transfers of patients during each shift that impacts direct 
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    patient care;
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        (3)  specialized experience required of direct care 
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    registered nurses on a particular unit;
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        (4)  staffing levels and services provided by other 
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    health care personnel in meeting direct patient care needs 
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    not required by a direct care registered nurse;
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        (5)  the level of technology available that affects the 
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    delivery of direct patient care;
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        (6)  the level of familiarity with hospital practices, 
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    policies, and procedures by temporary agency direct care 
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    registered nurses used during a shift; and
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        (7)  obstacles to efficiency in the delivery of patient 
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    care presented by physical layout.
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    (b) A hospital shall specify the system used to document 
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actual staffing in each unit for each shift.
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    (c)  A hospital shall annually evaluate (i) its staffing 
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plan in each unit in relation to actual patient care 
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requirements and (ii) the accuracy of its acuity system and 
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update its staffing plan and acuity system to the extent 
 


 






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appropriate based on the evaluation.
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    (d)  A staffing plan of a hospital shall be developed and 
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subsequent reevaluations shall be conducted under this Section 
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on the basis of input from direct care registered nurses at the 
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hospital or, if the nurses are represented through collective 
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bargaining, from the applicable recognized or certified 
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collective bargaining representative of the nurses.
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    (e) A hospital shall submit to the Director its staffing 
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plan and any annual updates under subsection (c).
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    (f) Nothing in this Act shall be construed to permit 
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conduct prohibited under the National Labor Relations Act or 
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under the Federal Labor Relations Act.
 
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    Section 30. Protection of nurses and other individuals 

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    (a) A nurse may refuse to accept an assignment as a nurse 
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in a hospital if either of the following conditions apply:
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        (1) the assignment would violate the provisions of 
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    Sections 15, 20, or 25; or
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        (2) the nurse is not prepared by education, training, 
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    or experience to fulfill the assignment without 
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    compromising the safety of any patient or jeopardizing his 
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    or her license.
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    The requirements of this subsection (a) shall apply to 
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refusals occurring on or after the effective date of this Act, 
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except that the requirements of paragraph (2) of this 
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subsection (a) shall not apply to refusals in any hospital 
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before the requirements of Section 15 of this Act apply to that 
27
hospital.
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    (b) No hospital shall discharge, discriminate, or 
29
retaliate in any manner with respect to any aspect of 
30
employment, including discharge, promotion, compensation, or 
31
terms, conditions, or privileges of employment, against a nurse 
32
based on the nurse's refusal of a work assignment under 
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subsection (a).  The requirements of this subsection (b)shall 
34
apply to refusals occurring on or after the effective date of 
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this Act.
 


 






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    (c) No hospital shall file a complaint or a report against 
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a nurse with the appropriate State professional disciplinary 
3
agency because of the nurse's refusal of a work assignment 
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under subsection (a). The requirements of this subsection (c) 
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shall apply to refusals occurring on or after the effective 
6
date of this Act.
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    (d) Any nurse who has been discharged, discriminated, or 
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retaliated against, or against whom a complaint has been filed, 
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in violation of this Section may bring a cause of action in a 
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State court.  A nurse who prevails in the cause of action shall 
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be entitled to one or more of the following:
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        (1) Reinstatement.
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        (2) Reimbursement of lost wages, compensation, and 
14
    benefits.
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        (3) Attorneys' fees.
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        (4) Court costs.
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        (5) Other damages.
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    The requirements of this subsection (d) shall apply to 
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refusals occurring on or after the effective date of this Act.
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    (e) A nurse or other individual may file a complaint with 
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the Director against a hospital that violates any provision of 
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this Act.  For any complaint filed, the Director shall do all of 
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the following:
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        (1) receive and investigate the complaint;
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        (2) determine whether a violation of this Act as 
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    alleged in the complaint has occurred; and
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        (3) if such a violation has occurred, issue an order 
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    that the complaining nurse or individual shall not suffer 
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    any retaliation under subsections (b), (c) or (f).
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    (f) A hospital shall not discriminate or retaliate in any 
31
manner with respect to any aspect of employment, including 
32
hiring, discharge, promotion, compensation, or terms, 
33
conditions, or privileges of employment against any individual 
34
who in good faith, individually, or in conjunction with another 
35
person or persons, does any of the following:
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        (1) reports a violation or a suspected violation of 
 


 






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    this Act to the Director, a public regulatory agency, a 
2
    private accreditation body, or the management personnel of 
3
    the hospital;
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        (2) initiates, cooperates, or otherwise participates 
5
    in an investigation or proceeding brought by the Director, 
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    a public regulatory agency, or a private accreditation body 
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    concerning matters covered by this Act; or
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        (3) informs or discusses with other individuals or with 
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    representatives of hospital employees a violation or 
10
    suspected violation of this Act.
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    For the purposes of this subsection (f), an individual 
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shall be deemed to be acting in good faith if the individual  
13
reasonably believes that the information reported or disclosed 
14
is true and that a violation of this Act has occurred or may 
15
occur.
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    The requirements of this subsection (f) shall apply to 
17
those actions set forth in paragraphs (1) and (3) of this 
18
subsection (f) and occurring on or after the effective date 
19
this Act.  The requirements of this subsection (f) shall apply 
20
to initiation, cooperation, or participation in an 
21
investigation or proceeding on or after the effective date of 
22
this Act.
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    (g) Beginning 18 months after the effective date of this 
24
Act, a hospital shall post in an appropriate location in each 
25
unit a conspicuous notice in a form specified by the Director 
26
that shall do each of the following:


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        (1) explain the rights of nurses and other individuals 
28
    under this Section; and
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        (2) include a statement that a nurse or other 
30
    individual may file a complaint with the Director against a 
31
    hospital that violates the provisions of this Act and 
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    provide instructions on how to file this complaint.

 
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    Section 35. Penalties.   The Director may impose civil 
34
penalties or suspend, revoke, or place conditional provisions 
35
upon a license of a hospital for a violation of any provision 
 


 






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of this Act.  The Department shall adopt by rule a schedule 
2
establishing the amount of civil penalty that may be imposed 
3
for any violation of Sections 15, 20, 25, or 30 of this Act 
4
when there is a reasonable belief that safe patient care has 
5
been or may be negatively impacted.  Each violation of a 
6
staffing plan shall be considered a separate violation.
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    In addition to any other monies set aside and appropriated 
8
to the Department for nursing scholarships awarded pursuant to 
9
the Nursing Education Scholarship Law, revenues collected from 
10
fines incurred under this Act shall be allocated to the 
11
Department for that same purpose.