(35 ILCS 5/905) (from Ch. 120, par. 9-905)

Sec. 905. Limitations on notices of deficiency.

(a) In general. Except as otherwise provided in this Act:

(1) A notice of deficiency shall be issued not later than 3 years after the date the return was filed, and

(2) No deficiency shall be assessed or collected with respect to the year for which the return was filed unless such notice is issued within such period.

(a-5) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act to the contrary, for any taxable year included in a claim for credit or refund for which the statute of limitations for issuing a notice of deficiency under this Act will expire less than 6 months after the date a taxpayer files the claim for credit or refund, the statute of limitations is automatically extended for 6 months from the date it would have otherwise expired.

(b) Substantial omission of items.

(1) Omission of more than 25% of income. If the taxpayer omits from base income an amount properly includible therein which is in excess of 25% of the amount of base income stated in the return, a notice of deficiency may be issued not later than 6 years after the return was filed. For purposes of this paragraph, there shall not be taken into account any amount which is omitted in the return if such amount is disclosed in the return, or in a statement attached to the return, in a manner adequate to apprise the Department of the nature and the amount of such item.

(2) Reportable transactions. If a taxpayer fails to include on any return or statement for any taxable year any information with respect to a reportable transaction, as required under Section 501(b) of this Act, a notice of deficiency may be issued not later than 6 years after the return is filed with respect to the taxable year in which the taxpayer participated in the reportable transaction and said deficiency is limited to the non-disclosed item.

(3) Withholding. If an employer omits from a return required under Section 704A of this Act for any period beginning on or after January 1, 2013, an amount required to be withheld and to be reported on that return which is in excess of 25% of the total amount of withholding required to be reported on that return, a notice of deficiency may be issued not later than 6 years after the return was filed.

(c) No return or fraudulent return. If no return is filed or a false and fraudulent return is filed with intent to evade the tax imposed by this Act, a notice of deficiency may be issued at any time. For purposes of this subsection (c), any taxpayer who is required to join in the filing of a return filed under the provisions of subsection (e) of Section 502 of this Act for a taxable year ending on or after December 31, 2013 and who is not included on that return and does not file its own return for that taxable year shall be deemed to have failed to file a return; provided that the amount of any proposed assessment set forth in a notice of deficiency issued under this subsection (c) shall be limited to the amount of any increase in liability under this Act that should have reported on the return required under the provisions of subsection (e) of Section 502 of this Act for that taxable year resulting from proper inclusion of that taxpayer on that return.

(d) Failure to report federal change. If a taxpayer fails to notify the Department in any case where notification is required by Section 304(c) or 506(b), or fails to report a change or correction which is treated in the same manner as if it were a deficiency for federal income tax purposes, a notice of deficiency may be issued (i) at any time or (ii) on or after August 13, 1999, at any time for the taxable year for which the notification is required or for any taxable year to which the taxpayer may carry an Article 2 credit, or a Section 207 loss, earned, incurred, or used in the year for which the notification is required; provided, however, that the amount of any proposed assessment set forth in the notice shall be limited to the amount of any deficiency resulting under this Act from the recomputation of the taxpayer's net income, Article 2 credits, or Section 207 loss earned, incurred, or used in the taxable year for which the notification is required after giving effect to the item or items required to be reported.

(e) Report of federal change.

(1) Before August 13, 1999, in any case where notification of an alteration is given as required by Section 506(b), a notice of deficiency may be issued at any time within 2 years after the date such notification is given, provided, however, that the amount of any proposed assessment set forth in such notice shall be limited to the amount of any deficiency resulting under this Act from recomputation of the taxpayer's net income, net loss, or Article 2 credits for the taxable year after giving effect to the item or items reflected in the reported alteration.

(2) On and after August 13, 1999, in any case where notification of an alteration is given as required by Section 506(b), a notice of deficiency may be issued at any time within 2 years after the date such notification is given for the taxable year for which the notification is given or for any taxable year to which the taxpayer may carry an Article 2 credit, or a Section 207 loss, earned, incurred, or used in the year for which the notification is given, provided, however, that the amount of any proposed assessment set forth in such notice shall be limited to the amount of any deficiency resulting under this Act from recomputation of the taxpayer's net income, Article 2 credits, or Section 207 loss earned, incurred, or used in the taxable year for which the notification is given after giving effect to the item or items reflected in the reported alteration.

(f) Extension by agreement. Where, before the expiration of the time prescribed in this Section for the issuance of a notice of deficiency, both the Department and the taxpayer shall have consented in writing to its issuance after such time, such notice may be issued at any time prior to the expiration of the period agreed upon. In the case of a taxpayer who is a partnership, Subchapter S corporation, or trust and who enters into an agreement with the Department pursuant to this subsection on or after January 1, 2003, a notice of deficiency may be issued to the partners, shareholders, or beneficiaries of the taxpayer at any time prior to the expiration of the period agreed upon. Any proposed assessment set forth in the notice, however, shall be limited to the amount of any deficiency resulting under this Act from recomputation of items of income, deduction, credits, or other amounts of the taxpayer that are taken into account by the partner, shareholder, or beneficiary in computing its liability under this Act. The period so agreed upon may be extended by subsequent agreements in writing made before the expiration of the period previously agreed upon.

(g) Erroneous refunds. In any case in which there has been an erroneous refund of tax payable under this Act, a notice of deficiency may be issued at any time within 2 years from the making of such refund, or within 5 years from the making of such refund if it appears that any part of the refund was induced by fraud or the misrepresentation of a material fact, provided, however, that the amount of any proposed assessment set forth in such notice shall be limited to the amount of such erroneous refund.

Beginning July 1, 1993, in any case in which there has been a refund of tax payable under this Act attributable to a net loss carryback as provided for in Section 207, and that refund is subsequently determined to be an erroneous refund due to a reduction in the amount of the net loss which was originally carried back, a notice of deficiency for the erroneous refund amount may be issued at any time during the same time period in which a notice of deficiency can be issued on the loss year creating the carryback amount and subsequent erroneous refund. The amount of any proposed assessment set forth in the notice shall be limited to the amount of such erroneous refund.

(h) Time return deemed filed. For purposes of this Section a tax return filed before the last day prescribed by law (including any extension thereof) shall be deemed to have been filed on such last day.

(i) Request for prompt determination of liability. For purposes of subsection (a)(1), in the case of a tax return required under this Act in respect of a decedent, or by his estate during the period of administration, or by a corporation, the period referred to in such Subsection shall be 18 months after a written request for prompt determination of liability is filed with the Department (at such time and in such form and manner as the Department shall by regulations prescribe) by the executor, administrator, or other fiduciary representing the estate of such decedent, or by such corporation, but not more than 3 years after the date the return was filed. This subsection shall not apply in the case of a corporation unless:

(1) (A) such written request notifies the Department that the corporation contemplates dissolution at or before the expiration of such 18-month period, (B) the dissolution is begun in good faith before the expiration of such 18-month period, and (C) the dissolution is completed;

(2) (A) such written request notifies the Department that a dissolution has in good faith been begun, and (B) the dissolution is completed; or

(3) a dissolution has been completed at the time such written request is made.

(j) Withholding tax. In the case of returns required under Article 7 of this Act (with respect to any amounts withheld as tax or any amounts required to have been withheld as tax) a notice of deficiency shall be issued not later than 3 years after the 15th day of the 4th month following the close of the calendar year in which such withholding was required.

(k) Penalties for failure to make information reports. A notice of deficiency for the penalties provided by Subsection 1405.1(c) of this Act may not be issued more than 3 years after the due date of the reports with respect to which the penalties are asserted.

(l) Penalty for failure to file withholding returns. A notice of deficiency for penalties provided by Section 1004 of this Act for the taxpayer's failure to file withholding returns may not be issued more than three years after the 15th day of the 4th month following the close of the calendar year in which the withholding giving rise to the taxpayer's obligation to file those returns occurred.

(m) Transferee liability. A notice of deficiency may be issued to a transferee relative to a liability asserted under Section 1405 during time periods defined as follows:

(1) Initial Transferee. In the case of the liability of an initial transferee, up to 2 years after the expiration of the period of limitation for assessment against the transferor, except that if a court proceeding for review of the assessment against the transferor has begun, then up to 2 years after the return of the certified copy of the judgment in the court proceeding.

(2) Transferee of Transferee. In the case of the liability of a transferee, up to 2 years after the expiration of the period of limitation for assessment against the preceding transferee, but not more than 3 years after the expiration of the period of limitation for assessment against the initial transferor; except that if, before the expiration of the period of limitation for the assessment of the liability of the transferee, a court proceeding for the collection of the tax or liability in respect thereof has been begun against the initial transferor or the last preceding transferee, as the case may be, then the period of limitation for assessment of the liability of the transferee shall expire 2 years after the return of the certified copy of the judgment in the court proceeding.

(n) Notice of decrease in net loss. On and after August 23, 2002, no notice of deficiency shall be issued as the result of a decrease determined by the Department in the net loss incurred by a taxpayer in any taxable year ending prior to December 31, 2002 under Section 207 of this Act unless the Department has notified the taxpayer of the proposed decrease within 3 years after the return reporting the loss was filed or within one year after an amended return reporting an increase in the loss was filed, provided that in the case of an amended return, a decrease proposed by the Department more than 3 years after the original return was filed may not exceed the increase claimed by the taxpayer on the original return.

(Source: P.A. 102-40, eff. 6-25-21; 102-687, eff. 12-17-21.)